{"id":1394,"date":"2024-01-27T18:03:47","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T17:03:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/?page_id=1394"},"modified":"2024-01-30T15:25:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T14:25:13","slug":"fricless","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/fricless\/","title":{"rendered":"FricLess"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-label=\"Content\" data-id=\"content--1\" data-export-id=\"content-12\" data-category=\"content\" class=\"content-12 content-section content-section-spacing\" id=\"content-1\">\r\n    <div class=\"row center-xs middle-xs\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-md-8\" data-type=\"column\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"table-container\">\r\n                <div class=\"table-cell\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/681813\">\r\n                        <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2023\/09\/LOGO_ERC_mod.jpg\" alt=\"ERC logo\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" style=\"position: relative;top: 6px\">\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"table-cell\">\r\n                    <h2>A seamless multi-scale model for contact, friction, and solid lubrication &#8211; FricLess<\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"page-content\" class=\"page-content\">\r\n                <div class=\"gridContainer content\">\r\n                    <div class=\"roxi-slider\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-1423\" style=\"max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-109-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-1423 ml-slider ms-theme-simply-dark nav-hidden\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"carousel_erc_Lucia\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"600\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_1423\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_1423\" class=\"flexslider\">\n            <ul class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-1470 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2024-01-27 23:52:26\" data-filename=\"viscowave.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1260\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/01\/viscowave.jpg\" class=\"slider-1423 slide-1470 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"viscowave\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Load-area response caused by the retraction of a rigid wavy Hertzian indenter from a viscoelastic half-plane, for various values of the Maugis parameter. From [12].<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-1472 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2024-01-27 23:52:26\" data-filename=\"bian_graphene.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1260\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/01\/bian_graphene.jpg\" class=\"slider-1423 slide-1472 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"bian_graphene\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Lubrication of rough copper surfaces with graphene: Surface steps beneath the stretched graphene layer. From [16]<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-1496 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2024-01-28 12:28:39\" data-filename=\"dualscalescheme.png\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1260\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/01\/dualscalescheme.png\" class=\"slider-1423 slide-1496 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"dualscalescheme\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Schematic representation of the dual scale model: The atomistic domain models the top part of the metal body, close to the indenter; the continuum domain models the rest of the body and includes the dislocation dynamics. From [15].<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-1471 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2024-01-27 23:52:26\" data-filename=\"dualscale.png\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1260\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/01\/dualscale.png\" class=\"slider-1423 slide-1471 msDefaultImage\" alt=\"\" rel=\"\" title=\"dualscale\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">Stress fields in the metal crystal under normal loading, after a few dislocations have nucleates from the contact: Comparison between full atomistic and dual-scale results. From [15].<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                The main aim of this project is to build a multi-scale modeling technique to simulate the behavior of\r\n                solids in contact. Attention is then placed on analyzing their deformation, frictional behavior and\r\n                lubrication.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                We started by extending<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1097\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> and merging two modelling techniques, Green\u2019s\r\n                Function Molecular Dynamics\r\n                (GFMD) and Dislocation Dynamics (DD) to build a new one that we called Green&#8217;s Function Dislocation\r\n                Dynamics (GFDD)<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1095\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. The technique is suited for modeling contact\r\n                between plastically deformable\r\n                metal single crystals with dimensions at the micro-scale and a very accurate description of surface\r\n                roughness.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                Next, in order to have a basis for comparison of the new results for randomly rough plastic surfaces,\r\n                simulations were firstly performed on elastic rough surfaces<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1112\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                Simulations of contact between metal rough surfaces were then performed with the new GFDD model. Thanks\r\n                to the model we found out that the local contact pressure during plastic deformation is much higher than\r\n                reported in previous studies and that the plastic response is size-dependent. This is a critical point\r\n                as it entails that classical plasticity theories largely overestimate the onset and amount of plastic\r\n                deformation at the start of deformation<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1131\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1135\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                We then performed simulations by loading metals tangentially<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1134\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> and found that\r\n                they exhibit a\r\n                pronounced roughening, which can affect the variation in contact area and deformation<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1148\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n                When contacts are adhesives, which is the case for polymers at any scale, and for metals at the\r\n                nanoscale, friction and adhesion interact. To try and understand how, we built a macro-scale model,\r\n                where the interfacial interactions are described by means of a coupled cohesive zone model<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1136\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n                Simulations using this model reproduce the typical stick-slip behavior, and show that the contact area\r\n                decreases during the stick period, vanishes, and reattaches again<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1133\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n                Interestingly, the detachment of\r\n                the contact is not symmetric, but the peeling occurs more on the trailing than on the leading edge<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1133\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n                It is critical that relative sliding of solids is driven not only by the adhesive and frictional\r\n                behavior of the interface but also by the compliance of the bodies in contact<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1141\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. In this regard there\r\n                is a significant difference between the contact response of metals and that of viscoelastic materials<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1132\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1139\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1140\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. To study viscoelastic solids the GFMD model was first extended<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1132\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> and then applied to\r\n                simple contact problems, as the retraction of a cylinder from a viscoelastic semi-infinite body<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1139\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. An\r\n                open question regarding viscoelastic solids regards whether and how there is interplay between roughness\r\n                and viscoelastic dissipation, as tuning this interaction can be applied to new devices in the fields of\r\n                nano- and bio-engineering. Viscoelasticity is found to cause an increased effective work of adhesion due\r\n                to stiffening of the contact, while roughness is responsible for elastic instabilities.\r\n                At low retraction rates, the instabilities in the load-area curve typical of rough elastic contacts are\r\n                suppressed by viscoelasticity: the contact stiffens to promote a stable decrease of the contact area\r\n                with load<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1146\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. Both roughness and viscoelasticity contribute to stiffening of\r\n                the adhesive contact, and\r\n                thus to a departure from short\u2013ranged towards long\u2013ranged adhesion. This is relevant because many\r\n                theoretical and numerical predictions of adhesive contact behaviour rely heavily on the short-ranged\r\n                adhesion assumption.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                But back to metals: to capture dislocation nucleation as well as friction and wear as emergent\r\n                phenomena, a dual scale model was built, consisting of an atomistic domain close to the contact, coupled\r\n                with an elastic continuum DD domain away from the contact<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1143\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. In metals, wear\r\n                is found to be very\r\n                sensitive to the interaction range of the adhesive potential. Wear can be reduced significantly by means\r\n                of solid lubricants<sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1137\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1144\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#tp_cite_1145\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.\r\n                Few-layers graphene is found particularly effective as the sheets\r\n                decrease interaction between rough surfaces due to their flexural rigidity, while they easily slide on\r\n                each other. \r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <br>\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                This research has been funded by the European Research Council under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020\r\n                research and innovation programme (ERC Consolidator Grant, <a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/681813\" style=\"color: black !important;text-decoration: none !important\">grant agreement no. 681813<\/a>).\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"row left-xs middle-xs\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-sm-12\" data-type=\"column\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n                    <h3 class=\"teachpress_ref_headline\">References<\/h3><ol><li id=\"tp_cite_1097\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">Syam P. Venugopalan and L. Nicola and Martin H. M\u00fcser<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2017)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-651X\/aa606b\" title=\"Green's function molecular dynamics: Including finite heights, shear, and body fields\" target=\"blank\">Green's function molecular dynamics: Including finite heights, shear, and body fields<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 25, no. 3, 2017.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1095\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">Syam P. Venugopalan and Martin H. M\u00fcser and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2017)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-651X\/aa7e0e\" title=\"Green's function molecular dynamics meets discrete dislocation plasticity\" target=\"blank\">Green's function molecular dynamics meets discrete dislocation plasticity<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 25, no. 6, 2017.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1112\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">J. S. Dokkum and M. Khajeh Salehani and N. Irani and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2018)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11249-018-1061-7\" title=\"On the Proportionality Between Area and Load in Line Contacts\" target=\"blank\">On the Proportionality Between Area and Load in Line Contacts<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 66, no. 3, 2018.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1131\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">S. P. Venugopalan and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2019)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actamat.2018.10.020\" title=\"Indentation of a plastically deforming metal crystal with a self-affine rigid surface: A dislocation dynamics study\" target=\"blank\">Indentation of a plastically deforming metal crystal with a self-affine rigid surface: A dislocation dynamics study<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: ACTA MATERIALIA, vol. 165, pp. 709\u2013721, 2019.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1135\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">S. P. Venugopalan and N. Irani and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2019)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmps.2019.07.019\" title=\"Plastic contact of self-affine surfaces: Persson's theory versus discrete dislocation plasticity\" target=\"blank\">Plastic contact of self-affine surfaces: Persson's theory versus discrete dislocation plasticity<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS, vol. 132, 2019.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1134\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">N. Irani and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2019)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mechmat.2019.02.007\" title=\"Modelling surface roughening during plastic deformation of metal crystals under contact shear loading\" target=\"blank\">Modelling surface roughening during plastic deformation of metal crystals under contact shear loading<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, vol. 132, pp. 66\u201376, 2019.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1148\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">R Civiero and F Perez Rafols and L Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2023)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mechmat.2023.104583\" title=\"Modeling contact deformation of bare and coated rough metal bodies\" target=\"blank\">Modeling contact deformation of bare and coated rough metal bodies<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, vol. 179, 2023.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1136\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">M. Khajeh Salehani and J. S. Dokkum and N. Irani and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2020)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.106099\" title=\"On the load-area relation in rough adhesive contacts\" target=\"blank\">On the load-area relation in rough adhesive contacts<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 144, 2020.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1133\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">M. Khajeh Salehani and N. Irani and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2019)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmps.2019.06.010\" title=\"Modeling adhesive contacts under mixed-mode loading\" target=\"blank\">Modeling adhesive contacts under mixed-mode loading<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS, vol. 130, pp. 320\u2013329, 2019.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1141\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">F. Perez-Rafols and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2022)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s40544-021-0546-9\" title=\"Incipient sliding of adhesive contacts\" target=\"blank\">Incipient sliding of adhesive contacts<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: FRICTION, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 963\u2013976, 2022.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1132\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">J. S. Van Dokkum and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2019)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-651X\/ab3031\" title=\"Green's function molecular dynamics including viscoelasticity\" target=\"blank\">Green's function molecular dynamics including viscoelasticity<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 27, no. 7, 2019.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1139\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">J. S. Van Dokkum and F. Perez-Rafols and L. Dorogin and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2021)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2021.107234\" title=\"On the retraction of an adhesive cylindrical indenter from a viscoelastic substrate\" target=\"blank\">On the retraction of an adhesive cylindrical indenter from a viscoelastic substrate<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 164, 2021.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1140\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">A. Gandin and Y. Murugesan and V. Torresan and L. Ulliana and A. Citron and P. Contessotto and G. Battilana and T. Panciera and M. Ventre and A. P. Netti and L. Nicola and S. Piccolo and G. Brusatin<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2021)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-01036-5\" title=\"Simple yet effective methods to probe hydrogel stiffness for mechanobiology\" target=\"blank\">Simple yet effective methods to probe hydrogel stiffness for mechanobiology<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1146\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">F Perez Rafols and JS Van Dokkum and L Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2023)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmps.2022.105079\" title=\"On the interplay between roughness and viscoelasticity in adhesive hysteresis\" target=\"blank\">On the interplay between roughness and viscoelasticity in adhesive hysteresis<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS, vol. 170, 2023.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1143\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">Mohammad Aramfard and Francisco PEREZ RAFOLS and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2022)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2022.107509\" title=\"A 2D dual-scale method to address contact problems\" target=\"blank\">A 2D dual-scale method to address contact problems<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 171, 2022.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1137\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">J. Bian and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2021)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2020.106837\" title=\"On the lubrication of rough copper surfaces with graphene\" target=\"blank\">On the lubrication of rough copper surfaces with graphene<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 156, 2021.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1144\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">J Bian and L Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2022)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.commatsci.2022.111522\" title=\"Oscillation of a graphene flake on an undulated substrate with amplitude gradient\" target=\"blank\">Oscillation of a graphene flake on an undulated substrate with amplitude gradient<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE, vol. 211, 2022.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"tp_cite_1145\" class=\"tp_cite_entry\"><span class=\"tp_single_author\">Jianjun Bian and L. Nicola<\/span><span class=\"tp_single_year\"> (2022)<\/span>: <span class=\"tp_single_title\"><a class=\"tp_title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.triboint.2022.107621\" title=\"Lubrication of rough copper with few-layer graphene\" target=\"blank\">Lubrication of rough copper with few-layer graphene<\/a><\/span>. <span class=\"tp_single_additional\">In: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 173, 2022.<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A seamless multi-scale model for contact, friction, and solid lubrication &#8211; FricLess The main aim of this project is to build a multi-scale modeling technique to simulate the behavior of solids in contact. Attention is then placed on analyzing their deformation, frictional behavior and lubrication. We started by extending and merging two modelling techniques, Green\u2019s&hellip; <br \/> <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/fricless\/\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pro\/page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"folder":[],"class_list":["post-1394","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FricLess - Computational Materials Science Group @ UniPD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/research.dii.unipd.it\/coms\/fricless\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FricLess - Computational Materials Science Group @ UniPD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A seamless multi-scale model for contact, friction, and solid lubrication &#8211; FricLess The main aim of this project is to build a multi-scale modeling technique to simulate the behavior of solids in contact. Attention is then placed on analyzing their deformation, frictional behavior and lubrication. 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